Maximal extractable value comes from influencing transaction inclusion and ordering. Strategies can narrow price gaps or worsen a swap, while Flashbots Protect, MEV-Share and MEV-Boost serve different roles.
Researchers detected 28,042,725 protected-flow sandwich attacks from July 1, 2023, through June 30, 2026, generating an estimated $345.2 million in net profit after fees.
