AI Agents With Crypto Wallets Could Reshape the Financial System — But Who’s Liable?

Crypto is no longer just about building faster payment rails. It may be laying the foundation for a financial system designed for non-humans. As AI agents become increasingly autonomous, developers are equipping them with crypto wallets, enabling software to hold digital assets, execute transactions, trade tokens, and even hire other AI agents. While the technical infrastructure is rapidly advancing, the legal framework is struggling to keep pace.

At NEARCON 2026, Electric Capital’s Avichal Garg highlighted the magnitude of this shift. He posed a critical question: what happens when there is no human directly behind a crypto wallet? If autonomous AI agents can execute code, manage funds, and generate profits independently, determining legal liability becomes far more complex. Traditional financial systems were never built for software that can think and transact on its own.

Blockchain technology makes this transformation possible. With programmable money, instant settlement, and global accessibility, crypto provides the rails for AI-driven economic activity. When combined with advanced artificial intelligence, the result is autonomous agents capable of participating in decentralized finance (DeFi), trading digital assets, lending capital, and scaling onchain businesses without direct human oversight.

Garg compared this moment to the creation of the limited liability corporation in the 19th century, a legal innovation that unlocked industrial-scale growth by reducing individual risk. Similarly, crypto and AI together dramatically lower the barriers to economic participation, allowing anyone worldwide to deploy capital and create value through decentralized networks.

However, enforcement remains a pressing issue. You cannot jail or fine an AI agent. At most, it can be shut down — but software does not experience consequences. As AI agents increasingly engage in crypto trading, smart contracts, and decentralized governance, regulators and lawmakers face a pivotal question: who is legally responsible when autonomous software with its own wallet acts independently?

The intersection of AI and blockchain may redefine the global financial system — if the law can catch up.